留學歸國想落戶口 沒那麼簡單
For Xu Man, 22, a senior in international business at Peking University, studying at a graduate school abroad doesn’t simply mean gaining a foreign diploma.
22歲的徐曼（音譯）是北京大學國際商務專業的一名大三學生。對她而言，出國讀研不單單只是意味着獲取一紙“洋文憑”。
One of the other perks it could possibly bring include a Beijing hukou, or permanent residency permit entitling her to many privileges in the capital.
出國留學還將帶來衆多的附加福利，其中之一便是北京戶口，這可以使她在北京享受多種優厚待遇。
However, when she received the offer from Columbia University in New York earlier this year, she felt unsure about still getting the hukou in two years.
而今年年初，當收到到紐約哥倫比亞大學的錄取通知時，她不確定兩年後自己是否還能拿到北京戶口。
“As Beijing is restricting the hukou for returned overseas students, I wondered if it will be even harder to obtain after I complete my studies,” said Xu.
“由於北京收緊歸國留學生落戶政策，完成學業後不知道會不會更難拿到北京戶口。”徐曼說。
She’s just not the only student with such concerns. As the household registration policy tightened, local government also tightened rules.
徐曼並不是唯一一個心存顧慮的學生。隨着戶籍管理制度的收緊，當地政府部門也收緊了相關規定。
Statistics released by Beijing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, shows that the quota of Beijing hukou for graduates from other places has been reduced to 6,000 last year, a two thirds cut from the year before.
北京市人力資源和社會保障局發佈的一項數據顯示，去年北京給予非京生源畢業生留京指標名額爲6000個，較前一年下降2/3。
Starting from 2005, post-graduate students returning from studying overseas could become Beijingers with a certified diploma and a contract with a Beijng-based company.
從2005年起，留學歸國的碩士畢業生可以憑公認的學歷以及與在京用人單位簽訂的合同落戶北京。
After 2009, students had to ensure that their stay abroad was at least 360 days. The rules said that companies recruiting the students should have at least 500,000 yuan registered capital, and a collective hukou quota with a preference for high technology jobs.
2009年之後，學生必須確保他們在國外停留超過360天，相關規定要求：接收碩士留學生的企業註冊資金至少要達到50萬元，且高新技術職位將優先獲得集體戶口指標。
Shanghai adopted similar but less strict hukou measures for overseas returnees.
For instance, those with bachelor degrees can apply.
Some students have to adjust their overseas study plans according to the new rules.
Chen Xiao, 23, studied English literature at Westminster University in the UK last December. She had to adjust her schedule of coming back.
去年12月，23歲的陳瀟（音譯）正就讀於威斯敏斯特大學英國文學專業。她不得不調整了自己的歸國日程。
“When I consulted officials in the Overseas Student Service in China last month, they told me that I should stay 360 days overseas,” she said. “They will check my entry and exit dates and one day less than the required days can deny me the right to apply for a hukou in Shanghai.”
“我上個月諮詢中國留學服務中心的工作人員時，他們說我必須要出國留學滿360天。”她說，“他們會檢查我的出入境日期，哪怕比規定天數少一天，我都不能申請上海戶口。”
The new rules also have influenced some students’ choice of careers and majors.
Chen Huanhuan, 20, is a junior majoring in clothing design at Beijing Institute of Clothing Technology. “I wished to study fashion in Paris or Milan, and then come back to the capital to launch my own studio, becoming an independent designer,” Chen said.
20歲的陳歡歡是北京服裝學院服裝設計專業的一名大三學生。她說：“我想去巴黎或米蘭學習時裝設計，然後回到北京開辦自己的工作室，成爲一名獨立設計師。”
“But this policy means that if I want to get a local residence permit I have to be employed. Besides, high technology companies seldom desire a fashion graduate.”
“但這項新規意味着必須先找到工作才能拿到北京戶口，而且，高科技公司很少招聘時裝專業的畢業生。”
The tightening hukou policies may have created headaches for current and future returned overseas students. Experts say that, it means that students have to check the criteria list fully and take more factors into consideration before they go abroad.
逐漸收緊的戶籍政策，可能會使得時下歸國的和未來打算回國的留學生們感到頭疼。專家表示，這意味着學生必須仔細覈對政策中列出的所有標準，並在出國前考慮到更多因素。
“Hukou policies could only get stricter year after year. Make sure you meet the updated requirements,” explained An Yuxiang, deputy director of the Overseas Student Service at the Ministry of Education.
“戶籍政策只可能會一年比一年嚴格。一定要確保你自己符合最新的要求。”教育部留學服務中心副主任安玉祥解釋說。
“And it’s always better to study a major which can better help you launch job in a company with the collective hukou quota.”
“最好是能夠選對專業，這樣可以幫助你在一些提供集體戶口名額的單位裡找到工作。”
He suggested returnee students should not flock to the big cities. Second-tier cities provide a much better platform and preferential hukou policy to attract students.
他建議歸國學生不要一味地蜂擁進大城市；爲吸引歸國留學生，一些二線城市提供了更好的平臺和更爲優惠的落戶政策。
In Nanning, Guangxi, returnees can enjoy tax cuts if they start their own business.